Physics for IITJEE:Heat and Thermodynamics Study Material

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Physics has been one of the toughest subject for the students of 11th,12th class and students preparing for Competitive examinations.Student face lots of problems in this area.They got stuck on a problem and dont find way to get out of it.They got tired of cramming solution and seek better understanding of the subject.They have to purchase lot of books to get various type of problems which involve high cost.They are quite nervous about homework and Examination.

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Heat and Thermodynamics is quite a scoring subject in 11th,12th and competition examination.This package is very useful for students preparing competitive examination like IITJEE,AIEEE,PMT,CBSE

This package includes following features

• Details Notes for all the chapter to clear your concepts
  
  
  
  
• Short Notes for quick Recap to revise at the time of any examination
  
  
  
  
• Chapter wise Questions with Detail Solutions in various format
  -Multiple choice question with only one answer
  -Multiple choice question with one or more answers
  -Linked type comphrehension
  -Subjective Questions
  
  
  
  
• Miscllaneaous Question at the end of the units with Detailed solutions in various Format
  -Assertion Reasson questions
  -Matrix Type question
  -Multiple choice question with only one answer
  -Multiple choice question with one or more answer
  -Linked type comphrehension
  -Subjective Questions
  -Fill in the blanks
  -True and False
  
  
  
  
• Difficulity Level matches that of IITJEE/AIEEE
  
  
  
  
• Biographies of all the Author of Heat And Thermodynamics
  
  
  
  
• IIT And AIEEE Heat and Thermodynamics Syllabus
  
  
  
  
• Mathematics help
  
  
  
  
• Problem solving tips
  
  
  
  
• It contains around 200 Solved problems
  
  
  
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Physics for IITJEE:Optics Short Notes-1

Agenda :Summary of the basics of Optics

Reflection of light
-When light travelling in one medium is incident on a second medium some part of it is sent back to the first medium according to some definite laws and is said to be reflected.
-In practice mirrors are used to reflect light.
-The angle which the incident ray and the reflected ray make with normal to the surface are termed as Angles of incidence and of reflection respectively.

Laws of reflection:-
Law 1- The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface , all lie in the same plane.
Law 2- The angle of incidence i is equal to the angle of reflection r.

Spherical Mirrors :-
Assuming that all the reflecting surfaces are portions of a sphere, if the inside surface reflects, the mirror is concave and if the outside surface which reflects, it is convex as shown below in the figure.
-Relation between focal length f and radius of curvature R of the mirror is
f=R/2
and both f and R are taken as positive for concave mirror and negative for convex mirror.
-Mirror formula is the relation between distance of the object (u), distance of the image (v) and the focal length (f) of the mirror and is,
(1/u)+(1/v)=(1/f)
-Mirror formula holds for a spherical mirror of small aperture only.
-The ratio of size of the image formed (by spherical mirror) to the size of the object is called magnification. Mathematically,
m=I/O
=-v/u
-Spherical abberation is the inability of a spherical mirror of large aperture to bring all the rays of wide beam of light falling

on it to focus at a single point.











More information will be given in subsequent post

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IITJEE PHYSICS:Current Electricity Part -I

Agenda: Summary of Current Electricity

Some basic point about Electricty
-A current flows along a metal or wire when battery is connected to it.
-Current in a wire is due to free electrons moving along the wire
-The Battery has a Potential difference between its poles due to chemical changes inside the battery.The Potential difference pushes the electrons alongs the metal.The Potential diffrence between the terminal is call the EMF of the battery.
-One pole of the battery is called positive pole and another one is call the negative pole.
-Current direction is opposite to the electron flow direction.
-EMF is measured in Volt



Electric current is defined as the rate at which charge flows inside the conductor
so
I=Q/t
- Its unit is Amphere
Also I=dQ/dt

Drift speed of electrons inside the conductor
v_d=I/neA
Where I is the current,n is the number of the electron per unit volume ,e is the electronic charge and A is the area of the crossection of the conductor

Ohms Law

V=IR
where V is the Potential difference accross its ends
I is the current flow
And R is the electrical Resistance of the conductor.Electrical Resistance unit is Ohm


ELectrical Resistivity

It is defined as
ρ=RA/L

Where R is the Resistance
A is the crossectional Area
L is the length


Series Resistors

R=R₁+R₂+R₃

Parallel Resistors

(1/R)=(1/R₁)+(1/R₂)+(1/R₂)


Terminal Voltage of the Cell

V=E-Ir

where E is the EMF of the cell and r is the internal resistance of the Cell


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Physics for IITJEE:Exercise your Brain with Miscellaneous Physics Question

Question 1:
A 2 kg body moving to the right with speed 6 m/s coliides elastcally with a stationary body of mass 4 kg.
a.Find the velocity vector of each mass relative to center of mass before and after the collsion
b.Find the velocity vector of the each mass in original frame after the collision
c.How much energy was transfered to the 4 kg body.

Take i as the unit vector in the right direction

Answer
a.
Before collision
Velocity vector of mass 2 kg=4i m/s
Velocity vector of mass 4 kg=-2i m/s

After collision
Velocity vector of mass 2 kg=-4i m/s
Velocity vector of mass 4 kg=2i m/s

b
Velocity vector of mass 2 kg=-2i m/s
Velocity vector of mass 4 kg=4i m/s

c. 32 J

Hints:
Velocity of the center of mass=m₁v₁+m₂v₂/m₁+m₂
Velocity w.r.t CM=v-v_cm

Applying law of linear momentum and energy conservation,veloclities after collosion could be find out


Question 2:
A small solid cylinder of radius r rolls down from the top of sphere of Radius R without slipping.
a. find the angle made from the vertical at which the cylinder loses contact with the surface of the sphere
b.find the angular velocity of the cylinder at the moment it loses contact with the surface of the sphere

Answer
a. cos^-1(4/7)
b.(2/r)[(R+r)g/7]^1/2

hints:

Normal reaction will become zero at the point of losing contact
so centripetal force will become equal to the weight components across the radius.
Also applying law of conservation of energy ...we can find the solution


Question 3:

An gas obeys Vander waal equation

(P+a/V²)(V-b)=nRT

Find following for such a gas

A. The dimensional formula for constant a is
a.ML⁵T^-2
b.ML⁵T^-1
c.ML^-1T^-1
d. M⁰L^-0T⁰


B. Find the workdone by this gas when gas expand from V to 2V at constant temperature T
a.nRTlog_e(2V-b/V-b) -a/V
b.nRTlog_e(2V-b/V-b) +a/V
c. nRTlog_e(2V-b/V-b)
d. none of the above

C.Bulk modulus at constant pressure is defined as
K=(-1/V)(dP/dV)_T
Find the value of k for this gas
a.(1-b/V)(p-a/V²+2a/V³)
b. (1+b/V)(p-a/V²+2a/V³)
c.(1-b/V)(p-a/V²-2a/V³)
d.None of the above

Answer:
A.ML⁵T^-2
B.nRTlog_e(2V-b/V-b) -a/V



Question 4:
An electron (mass m and charge e) is moving along the axis of the ring of radius r and carrying a charge q.Find the time period of small oscillation of the electron about the center of the ring

Answer
T=4π(πε₀mr³/eq)^1/2

Hint:
Electric field at a point on the axis of the ring at the distance x from its center is
E=qx/4πε₀(r²+x²)^3/2

IITJEE Test series 2 (Modern Physics)

(A) Multiple choice questions with one answer
1. The ionizing power of the radiations are in the increasing order of
(a) γ,β ,α
(b) α , β,γ
(c) α , γ,β
(d) β, γ,α

2.A photon of energy 5.0 eV imparts all it's energy to an electron that leaves a metal surface with 1.5 eV of kinetic energy.The work function α of metal would be
(a) 6.5 eV
(b) 3.5 eV
(c) 3.9 eV
(d) 1.5 eV

3. A thermal neutron of mass 1.67× 10^-27 Kg is travelling at a speed of 2500 m/s. de Brogli wavelength of thermal neutron is
(a) 1.4 × 10^-10m
(b) 12 × 10^-10m
(c) 1.6 × 10^-10m
(d) 1.0 × 10^-10m

4. Uncertainity in the position of a particle is equal to twice its de Brogli wavelength. Uncertainity in its velocity would be
(a) Δv_x≥(1/4π)v_x
(b) Δv_x≥(1/π)v_x
(c) Δv_x≥(1/2π)v_x
(d) Δv_x≥(1/8π)v_x

5. The shortest wavelength of X-Rays emitted from an X-Ray tube depends upon
(a) atomic number of target material
(b) current in the tube
(c) voltage applied to the tube
(d) nature of gas in the tube

6. The largest wavelength present in the Balmer series of hydrogen atom is
(a) 656 nm
(b) 500 nm
(c) 600 nm
(d) 756 nm

(B) Matrix match type
Match the list P with the list Q to name the series for quantum jump of electrons in hydrogen atom

list P
(a) n=2 to n=3
(b) n=3 to n=4
(c) n=4 to n=5
(d) n=5 to n=6

list Q
1. Balmer
2. lyman
3. Paschen
4. Brackett
5. Pfund


Answers
(A) Multiple choice questions with one answer
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. c
6. d

(B) Matrix match type
a-2
b-1
c-3
d-4

Modern Physics Test Series

(A) Multple choice questions

1. Photoelectric emission takes place when
(a)electrons falls on photosensitive surface
(b)alpha particles falls on photosensitive surface
(c)light rays falls on photosensitive surface
(d)neutrons falls on photosensitive surface

2. The velocity of most energetic photo electrons emitted from metal surface depends on
(a) time for which radiation fall on metal surface
(b) the frequency of incident light
(c) the intensity of incident light
(d) none of the above

3. The work funcion of a metal is w and λ is the wavelength of incident radiation. there would be no emission of photoelectrons when
(a) λ > hc/w
(b) λ < hc/w
(c) λ = hc/w
(d) λ ≤ hc/w

4. The fact that was not inferred from the Rutherford model of the atom was that the
(a) nucleus occupied a small space inside the atom
(b) nucleus consisted of neutrons and protons
(c) electrons were outside the nucleus of the atom
(d) nucleus was dense in nature

5. A graph showing the energy of the photoelectron as a fuction of the frequency of the radiation for a given emitting surface is best represented as
(a)

(b)














(c)





(d)











(B) Matrix match type question
6. Match the items mentioned with those given in group (P) with those given in group (Q)

(P)
(a) The concept of nuclear atom was
established from the experiment on the
(b) Wave aspect of matter was confirmed by
(c) Bohr theory was successful in explaining
(d) Photons may cause


(Q)
(1) emission of electrons from the metal surface
(2) scattering of alpha particles by a gold foil
(3) diffraction of electrons by a crystal
(4) bright line spectra of hydrogen atom
(5) scattering of X-rays by electrons


Answers
1. (c)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (a)
6. a-2
b-3
c-4
d-1